Ti-doped zinc oxide and pure zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified oxalate route using Averrhoa carambola\nfruit juice as a natural source of oxalate. The characteristics of the precursors have been investigated by FTIR, TGA, and XRD.The\nresults from the investigation revealed that the precursors are zinc oxalate and Ti-doped zinc oxalate which readily decompose at\n450âË?Ë?C. The as-prepared precursors were calcined at 450âË?Ë?C for 4 hours, and the decomposition products have been characterized\nby XRD, SEM, EDX, and VSM. XRD results revealed crystallinity with hexagonal wurtzite structure, while the average grain size\nwas found to be 26nm for Ti-doped ZnO and 29nm for ZnO, using calculations based on Debye-Scherrer equation. Furthermore,\nthe morphological studies by SEM showed particle agglomeration, while the presence of Ti3+ in the zinc oxide lattice is indicated\nby EDS analysis. Finally the hysteresis loop fromVSM results shows that Ti-doped ZnO exhibits ferromagnetism.
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